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13 June 1997
Source: http://www.hnd.usace.army.mil/techinfo/cegssgml/16768.sec (SGML format) See Guide Specifications for Military Construction: http://jya.com/cegs.htm ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ************************************************************************** * DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CEGS-16768 (August 1994) U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS -------------------------- Superseding CEGS-16768 (December 1993) GUIDE SPECIFICATION FOR MILITARY CONSTRUCTION Includes note relocation Special change (August 1995) Includes Text Adjustment change 1 (November 1994) Includes changes through Notice 3 (May 1996) Latest Notice change indicated by tokens ************************************************************************** * SECTION 16768 FIBER OPTIC DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 08/94 ************************************************************************** * NOTE: This guide specification section covers the requirements for fiber optics data transmission systems. This guide specification is to be used in the preparation of project specifications in accordance with ER 1110-345-720. ************************************************************************** * PART 1 GENERAL ************************************************************************** * NOTE: There are two ways the designer can require the submission of data concerning fiber optic equipment. The most common way is through the use of submittals. However, the Federal Acquisition Regulations apply special constraints on some types of technical data that fall under the Data Requirements Clause. Generally, the technical data associated with fiber optic data transmission systems do not fall under the special Data Requirements Clause. However, if other systems such as EMCS, UMCS, IDS, EECS and CCTV, interconnected by FO systems do fall within the special category, the associated FO technical data should be acquired in the same manner. Therefore, if some systems used with this specification fall under the special Data Requirements Clause, use sub-paragraph a. below for guidance. a. The acquisition of all technical data, data bases and computer software items that are identified herein will be accomplished strictly in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and the Department of Defense Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DOD FARS). Those regulations, as well as the Army and Corps of Engineers implementations thereof, should also be consulted to ensure that a delivery of critical items of technical data is not inadvertently lost. Specifically, the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software Clause, DOD FARS 52.227-7013, and the Data Requirements Clause, DOD FARS 52.227-7031, as well as any requisite software licensing agreements will be made a part of the CONTRACT CLAUSES or SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS of the contract. In addition, the appropriate DD Form 1423, Contract Data Requirements List, will be filled out for each distinct deliverable item and made a part of the contract. ************************************************************************** * 1.1 REFERENCES ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Issue (date) of references included in project specifications need not be more current than provided by the latest change (Notice) to this guide specification. ************************************************************************** * The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) ANSI C2 (1993) National Electrical Safety Code CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR) 47 CFR 15 Radio Frequency Devices ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (EIA) EIA 170 (1957) Electrical Performance Standards - Monochrome Television Studio Facilities EIA 232-E (1991) Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange EIA 310-D (1992) Cabinets, Racks, Panels, and Associated Equipment EIA 455-13 (1984; R 1990) FOTP-13 Visual and Mechanical Inspection of Fibers Cables, Connectors and/or Other Fiber Optic Devices EIA 455-25A (1989) FOTP-25 Repeated Impact Testing of Fiber Optic Cables and Cable Assemblies EIA 455-30B (1991) FOTP-30 Frequency Domain Measurement of Multimode Optical Fiber Information Transmission Capacity EIA 455-41 (1985) FOTP-41 Compressive Loading Resistance of Fiber Optic Cables EIA 455-46A (1990) FOTP-46 Spectral Attenuation Measurement for Long-Length, Graded-Index Optical Fibers EIA 455-47B (1992) FOTP-47 Output Far-Field Radiation Pattern Measurement EIA 455-58A (1990) FOTP-58 Core Diameter Measurement of Graded-Index Optical Fibers EIA 455-59 (1989) FOTP-59 Measurement of Fiber Point Defects Using an OTDR EIA 455-61 (1989) FOTP-61 Measurement of Fiber or Cable Attenuation Using an OTDR EIA 455-65 (1988) FOTP-65 Optical Fiber Flexure Test EIA 455-81A (1991) FOTP-81 Compound Flow (Drip) Test for Filled Fiber Optic Cable EIA 455-82B (1992) FOTP-82 Fluid Penetration Test for Fluid-Blocked Fiber Optic Cable EIA 455-88 (1987) FOTP-88 Fiber Optic Cable Bend Test EIA 455-91 (1986; R 1991) FOTP-91 Fiber Optic Cable Twist-Bend Test EIA 455-104A (1993) FOTP-104 Fiber Optic Cable Cyclic Flexing Test EIA 455-170 (1989) FOTP-170 Cable Cutoff Wavelength of Single-Mode Fiber by Transmitted Power EIA 455-171 (1987) FOTP-171 Attenuation by Substitution Measurement - for Short-Length Multimode Graded-Index and Single-Mode Optical Fiber Cable Assemblies EIA 455-177A (1992) FOTP-177 Numerical Aperture Measurement of Graded-Index Optical Fibers EIA 485 (1983) Standard for Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Use in Balanced Digital Multipoint Systems EIA 606 (1993) Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE) IEEE C62.41 (1991) Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA) NEMA 250 (1991) Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 volts Maximum) NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) NFPA 70 (1996) National Electrical Code UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL) UL 910 (1995; Rev May 1995) Test for Flame-Propagation and Smoke-Density Values for Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables Used in Spaces Transporting Environmental Air UL 1666 (1991) Test for Flame Propagation Height of Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables Installed Vertically in Shafts 1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1.2.1 General ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Show on drawings the data transmission media required between each sub-assembly of the system or systems to be interconnected. ************************************************************************** * A fiber optics (FO) data transmission system (DTS) shall be provided. The data transmission system shall consist of fiber optic transmission media, transmitter and receiver modules, FO modems, transceiver modules, repeaters, power line surge protection and terminal devices (such as connectors, patch panels and breakout boxes). The data transmission system shall interconnect system components as shown. Computing devices, as defined in 47 CFR 15, shall be certified to comply with the requirements for Class B computing devices and labeled as set forth in 47 CFR 15. 1.2.2 Environmental Requirements ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Select cable temperature rating within ambient temperature conditions at project location. ************************************************************************** * Equipment and cable to be utilized indoors shall be rated for continuous operation under ambient environmental conditions of 0 to 50 degrees C 35 to 120 degrees F dry bulb and 10 to 95 percent relative humidity, noncondensing. Equipment shall be rated for continuous operation under the ambient environmental temperature, pressure, humidity, and vibration conditions specified or normally encountered for the installed location. Fiber optic cable for outdoor installation shall be rated for [minus 40 to plus 60 degrees C minus 40 to plus 122 degrees F] [Minus 40 to plus 80 degrees C. minus 40 to plus 176 degrees F.] 1.2.3 Hazardous Environment System components located in fire or explosion hazard areas shall be rated and installed according to Chapter 5 of NFPA 70 and as shown. 1.2.4 Electrical Requirements The equipment shall operate from a voltage source as shown, plus or minus 10 percent, and 60 Hz, plus or minus 2 percent. 1.2.5 Input Line Surge Protection Inputs and outputs shall be protected against surges induced on wiring including wiring installed outdoors. Communications equipment shall be protected against surges induced on any communications circuit. Cables and conductors (except fiber optics which serve as communications circuits from consoles to field equipment) and between field equipment, shall have surge protection circuits installed at each end. Protection shall be furnished at equipment, and additional triple electrode gas surge protectors rated for the application on each wire line circuit shall be installed within 1 meter 3 feet of the building cable entrance. Fuses shall not be used for surge protection. The inputs and outputs shall be tested in both normal mode and common mode using the following two waveforms: a. A 10 microsecond rise time by 1000 microsecond pulse width waveform with a peak voltage of 1500 volts and a peak current of 60 amperes. b. An 8 microsecond rise time by 20 microsecond pulse width waveform with a peak voltage of 1000 volts and a peak current of 500 amperes. 1.2.6 Power Line Surge Protection Equipment connected to ac circuits shall be protected from power line surges. Equipment shall meet the requirements of IEEE C62.41. Fuses shall not be used for surge protection. 1.3 DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL DATA ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Insert the title of the appropriate additional UMCS/EMCS, IDS, EECS or CCTV specifications. For EMCS, UMCS, IDS and similar systems requiring head-end computers and software, designer shall use the paragraph DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL DATA and delete paragraph SUBMITTALS. In no case will both paragraphs be retained. ************************************************************************** * Computer software and technical data (including technical data which relates to computer software), which are specifically identified in this specification shall be delivered strictly in accordance with the CONTRACT CLAUSES, SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS, and in accordance with the Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL), DD Form 1423, which is attached to and thereby made a part of this contract. All data delivered shall be identified by reference to the particular specification paragraph against which it is furnished. If the DTM system is being installed in conjunction with another system such as an intrusion detection system, electronic entry control system, closed circuit television system, energy monitoring and control system, or utility monitoring and control system, the Technical Data Packages shall be submitted as part of the Technical Data Package for Section [_____]. 1.3.1 Group I Technical Data Package 1.3.1.1 System Drawings The package shall include the following: a. Communications system block diagram. b. FO receivers, transmitters, transceivers, and FO modem installation, block diagrams, and wiring diagrams. c. FO receivers, transmitters, transceivers, and FO modem physical layout and schematics. d. Details of interfaces with other systems. e. Details of connections to power sources, including grounding. f. Details of surge protection device installations. g. Details of cable splicing and connector installations. h. Details of aerial cable and messenger installation on poles, cable entrance to buildings, and termination inside enclosures. i. Details of underground cable installation, cable entrance into buildings, and terminations inside enclosures. 1.3.1.2 Equipment Data A complete data package shall be delivered for all material, including field and system equipment. 1.3.1.3 Data Transmission System Description and Analyses The data package shall include complete system description, and analyses and calculations used in sizing equipment required by these specifications. Descriptions and calculations shall show how the equipment will operate as a system to meet the specified performance. The data package shall include the following: a. FO receivers, transmitters, transceivers, FO modem transmit and receive levels, and losses in decibels (dB) on each communication link. b. Digital transmitter and receiver communication speed and protocol description. c. Analog signal transmission method and bandwidth of the transmitter and receiver. d. Data transmission system expansion capability and method of implementation. e. FO system signal-to-noise ratio calculation for each communication link. f. Flux-budget and gain margin calculation for each link. 1.3.1.4 System Overall Reliability Calculations ************************************************************************** * NOTE: The designer must insert the section that describes the system configuration. ************************************************************************** * The data package shall include manufacturers' reliability data and calculations required to show compliance with the specified reliability. The calculations shall be based on the configuration specified in Section [_____] and as shown. 1.3.1.5 Certifications Specified manufacturer's certifications shall be included with the data package. 1.3.2 Group II Technical Data Package ************************************************************************** * NOTE: If the designer has specified site condition investigation in other sections, the first bracketed sentence, with the proper section number inserted, may be substituted in lieu of the second set of bracketed sentences. ************************************************************************** * [The Group II technical data package is specified in Section [_____].] [The Contractor shall verify that site conditions are in agreement with the design package. The Contractor shall submit a report to the Government documenting changes to the site, or conditions that affect performance of the system to be installed. For those changes or conditions which affect system installation or performance, specification sheets shall be provided (with the report), or written functional requirements to support the findings, and a cost estimate to correct the deficiency. The Contractor shall not correct any deficiency without written permission from the Government.] 1.3.3 Group III Technical Data Package ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Insert section number and title for the UMCS/EMCS, IDS, EECS or CCTV specifications. ************************************************************************** * The Contractor shall prepare test procedures and reports for the factory test. A test plan and test procedures shall be prepared in accordance with Section [_____] and this specification. The test procedures shall describe the applicable tests to be performed, and other pertinent information such as specialized test equipment required, length of test, and location of the test. The procedures shall explain in detail, step-by-step actions and expected results to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this specification, and the methods for simulating the necessary conditions of operation to demonstrate performance of the system. The test report shall describe the results of testing to include the date, time, location and system component designations of material and equipment tested. Testing action shall be recorded whether successful or not. Reasons for termination of testing shall be described. Testing work sheets, printouts, strip charts, oscilloscope or OTDR photographs, raw and analyzed data and testing conclusions shall be included in the report. The Contractor shall deliver the test procedures to the Government for approval. After receipt by the Contractor of written approval of the test procedures, the Contractor may schedule the factory test. The Contractor shall provide written notice of the test to the Government at least 2 weeks prior to the scheduled start. The final test report shall be delivered within 15 days after completion of the test. 1.3.4 Group IV Technical Data Package 1.3.4.1 Performance Verification and Endurance Testing Data ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Insert section number and title for the UMCS/EMCS, IDS, EECS or CCTV specification. ************************************************************************** * The Contractor shall prepare procedures and reports for the performance verification test and endurance test. Test procedures shall be prepared in accordance with Section [_____] and this specification. Testing shall use the configured and installed system as approved by the Government. Where required, the Contractor shall simulate conditions of operation to demonstrate the performance of the system. The test plan shall describe the applicable tests to be performed, other pertinent information such as specialized test equipment required, length of performance verification test and endurance test, and location of the performance verification test and endurance test. The procedures shall explain in detail, step-by-step actions and expected results to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this specification, and the methods for simulating the necessary conditions of operation to demonstrate performance of the system. The test report shall describe the results of testing to include the date, time, location and system component designations of material and equipment tested. Testing action shall be recorded whether successful or not. Reasons for termination of testing for any reason shall be recorded in the report. Testing work sheets, printouts, strip charts, oscilloscope or OTDR photographs, raw data, analyzed data and testing conclusions shall be included in the report. The Contractor shall deliver the performance verification test and endurance test procedures to the Government for approval. After receipt of written approval of test procedures, the Contractor may schedule the performance verification and endurance tests. The Contractor shall provide written notice of the performance verification test and the endurance test to the Government at least 2 weeks prior to the scheduled start of the test. The final performance verification test and endurance test report shall be delivered 30 days after completion of testing. 1.3.4.2 Operation and Maintenance Data A draft copy of the operation and maintenance data, in manual format, as specified for the Group V technical data package, shall be delivered to the Government prior to beginning the performance verification test for use during site testing. 1.3.4.3 Training Data Lesson plans and training manuals, including type of training to be provided, with a list of reference material shall be delivered for approval by the Government prior to starting any training.1.3.5 Group V Technical Data Package ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Specify the correct number of manuals on DD Form 1423. Adjust the quantities below to fill special local requirements. Coordinate O&M manual requirements with those of the performing district. Generally, FO systems do not include controls or functions under the control of system operators. Therefore, an operator's manual is not needed. Include an operator's manual if such controls are provided. ************************************************************************** * The Group V package consists of the operation and maintenance data, in manual format. Final copies of the manuals bound in hardback, loose-leaf binders, shall be delivered to the Government within 30 days after completing the endurance test. The draft copy used during site testing shall be updated with any changes required prior to final delivery of the manuals. Each manual's contents shall be identified on the cover. The manuals shall include the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of each subcontractor installing equipment and systems, and of the nearest service representative for each item of equipment and each system. The manuals shall have a table of contents and tab sheets. Tab sheets shall be placed at the beginning of each chapter or section and at the beginning of each appendix. The final copies delivered after completion of the endurance test shall include all modifications made during installation, checkout, and acceptance. Manuals delivered shall include: a. Functional Design Manual: [two] [_____] copies. b. Hardware Manual: [two] [_____] copies. c. Operator's Manual: [six] [_____] copies.] d. Maintenance Manuals: [two] [_____] copies. 1.3.5.1 Functional Design Manual The functional design manual shall identify the operational requirements for the data transmission system and explain the theory of operation, design philosophy, and specific functions. A description of hardware functions, interfaces, and requirements shall be included for all system operating modes. 1.3.5.2 Hardware Manual A manual describing equipment furnished, including: a. General description and specifications. b. Installation and checkout procedures. c. Equipment electrical schematics and layout drawings. d. Data transmission systems schematics. e. Alignment and calibration procedures. f. Manufacturer's repair parts list indicating sources of supply. g. Interface definition. 1.3.5.3 Operator's Manual The operator's manual shall fully explain procedures and instructions for operation of the system. 1.3.5.4 Maintenance Manual The maintenance manual shall include descriptions of maintenance for all equipment including inspection, periodic preventative maintenance, fault diagnosis, and repair or replacement of defective components. 1.4 SUBMITTALS ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Indicate submittal classification in the blank space using "GA" when the submittal requires Government approval or "FIO" when the submittal is for information only. Indicate submittal classification in the blank space using "GA" when the submittal requires Government approval or "FIO" when the submittal is for information only. Delete paragraph DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL DATA when paragraph SUBMITTALS is retained. In no case will both SUBMITTALS paragraphs be retained. ************************************************************************** * Government approval is required for submittals with a "GA" designation; submittals having an "FIO" designation are for information only. The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section 01300 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES: SD-01 Data Fiber Optic System; [_____]. Equipment calculations for flux budgets and gain margins. Spare Parts; [_____]. Data lists of spare parts, tools, and test equipment for each different item of material and equipment specified, after approval of detail drawings not later than [_____] months prior to the date of beneficial occupancy. The data shall include a list of parts and supplies, with current unit prices and source of supply, and a list of the parts recommended by the manufacturer to be replaced after [1 year] [3 years] of service. SD-04 Drawings Fiber Optic System; GA. Detail drawings including a complete list of equipment and material, including manufacturer's descriptive and technical literature, performance charts and curves, catalog cuts, and installation instructions. Detail drawings shall contain complete wiring and schematic diagrams and any other details required to demonstrate that the system has been coordinated and will properly function with its associated systems. Drawings shall show proposed layout and anchorage of equipment and appurtenances, and equipment relationship to other parts of the work including clearance for maintenance and operations. System drawings shall show final configuration, including location, type and termination of inside fiber optics and showing the location, duct and innerduct arrangement, or fiber assignment of outside plant. The ac power consumption and heat dissipation shall be shown under both normal and maximum operating conditions. SD-06 Instructions Manufacturers' Recommendations; GA. Where installation procedures, or any part thereof, are required to be in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the material being installed, printed copies of these recommendations shall be submitted prior to installation. Installation of the item will not be allowed to proceed until the recommendations are received and approved. Operation and Maintenance Instructions; [_____]. [Six] [_____] copies of operating instructions outlining the step-by-step procedures required for system operation including description of each subsystem in its operating mode. Instructions shall include the manufacturer's name, service manual, parts list, and a brief description of equipment, components, and their basic operating features. [Six] [_____] copies of the maintenance instructions listing regular maintenance procedures, possible system failures, a troubleshooting guide for repairs, and simplified diagrams for the system as installed. A video describing operating and maintenance instructions may be included. SD-08 Statements Test Plans; GA. Test plans shall define tests required to ensure that the system meets technical, operational, and performance specifications. The test plans shall define milestones for the tests, equipment, personnel, facilities, and supplies required. The test plans shall identify the capabilities and functions to be tested. SD-09 Reports Test Reports; [_____]. Test reports, in booklet form showing field tests performed to adjust each component and field tests performed to prove compliance with the specified performance criteria, upon completion and testing of the installed system. SD-13 Certificates Manufacturer's certificate indicating compliance with transmission and reliability requirements. Where equipment or materials are specified to conform to the standards or publications and requirements of CFR, ANSI, NFPA, EIA, or UL, certificates attesting that the items furnished under this section of the specification conform to the specified requirements. PART 2 PRODUCTS ************************************************************************** * NOTE: All of the products listed in this section may not be required for every project. Choose the products required and delete those not required. ************************************************************************** * 2.1 FO MODEMS FO modems shall be selected to meet FO system requirements. The modems shall allow full duplex, asynchronous, point-to-point digital communication using an FO pair. 2.1.1 FO Modem Operating Wavelength ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Select the required operating wavelength: 850 and 1330 wavelengths are used with multimode fibers and 1330 and 1550 wavelengths are used with single-mode fibers. Generally, longer wavelengths should be used for cable lengths over 3 km (1.75 miles). ************************************************************************** * The operating wavelength shall be centered on [850] [1330] [1550] nanometers. 2.1.2 FO Modem Inputs and Outputs ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Match the input and output configurations to the equipment to be interconnected. The data rate of the FO modem must exceed the data rate of the devices served. ************************************************************************** * FO modems shall accept inputs and provide outputs compatible with [EIA 232-E] [EIA 485] [20 mA current loop] [T1]. Digital data rates through each link shall be [9.6 KBPS] [19.2 KBPS] [38.4 KBPS] [1.54 MBPS]. 2.2 FO TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER MODULES ************************************************************************** * NOTE: There are several ways fiber optic transmitters and receivers can be implemented such as: a. The transmitter and receiver can be mounted on a logic board. The transmitter and receiver are then an integral part of the system at the logic level. b. The transmitter and receiver can be individual modules which are mounted external to the logic boards. They can be powered by their own power supplies and can communicate with the serial data ports of the logic boards at logic levels. c. The fiber optics transmitter and receiver can be combined with interface and control logic to form a fiber optic modem. The system field equipment can thus communicate with the modem over a EIA 232-E serial data port. The designer must determine where FO communication devices will be located. In many systems, FO transmitters and receivers or modems are located in the field equipment enclosures of the systems being supported by the FO system. Often, these FO devices are physically mounted on circuit cards or modules. In other cases, FO devices will have to be installed in separate enclosures provided with the FO system. This is often the case for FO repeaters and active star units. ************************************************************************** * FO transmitter/receiver pairs shall have signal-to-noise power ratio of 40 dB or better after photo detection at the receiver. Transmitter power output and receiver sensitivity shall not drift more than plus or minus 2 dB over their operational life. 2.2.1 Analog FO Transmitter and Receiver Modules FO transmitter/receiver pairs used to pass analog video signals shall accept inputs and provide outputs that comply with EIA 170 and shall have a bandwidth of 6 MHz or greater. 2.2.2 Digital FO Transmitter and Receiver Modules FO transmitter/receiver pairs used to pass digital signals shall accept inputs and provide outputs compatible with [EIA 232-E] [EIA 485] [20 mA current loop] [T1]. Digital data rates through each link shall be [9.6 KBPS] [19.2 KBPS] [38.4 KBPS] [1.54 MBPS]. FO transmitter and receiver modules shall be housed [in field equipment enclosures where possible] [in new enclosures] [as shown]. FO transmitter and receiver modules shall be compatible with each other, the FO cable, and connectors. 2.2.3 FO Transmitter Module The FO transmitter shall accept electronic signals and shall modulate a light source. The light source shall be coupled into an FO cable. The operating wavelength shall be centered on [850] [1330] [1550] nanometers. 2.2.4 FO Receiver Module The FO receiver module shall receive light from the FO cable and shall convert this light into an electronic signal identical to the electronic signal applied to the FO transmitter module. The operating wavelength shall be the same as the transmitter. 2.3 FO DIGITAL REPEATERS FO digital repeaters shall be used to extend the range of the FO data transmission system when necessary to meet the requirements of paragraph SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS. For simplex circuits, the repeater shall consist of an FO receiver connected to an FO transmitter. For Duplex circuits, the repeater shall consist of a pair of FO receivers that are connected to a pair of FO transmitters. The FO receivers shall receive the optical signal and drive the transmitters. The transmitters shall regenerate the optical signal at the transmission rate specified. The FO repeater shall be mechanically and optically compatible with the remainder of the FO system. 2.4 FO ANALOG REPEATERS FO analog repeaters shall be used to extend the range of the FO data transmission system when necessary to meet the requirements of the paragraph SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS. For simplex circuits, the repeater shall consist of an FO receiver connected to an FO transmitter. For duplex circuits, the repeater shall consist of a pair of FO receivers that are connected to a pair of FO transmitters. The FO receivers shall receive the optical signal and drive the transmitters. The transmitters shall regenerate the optical signal in compliance with EIA 170. The FO repeater shall be mechanically and optically compatible with the remainder of the FO system. 2.5 TRANSCEIVERS FOR VIDEO APPLICATIONS FO Transceivers shall allow bi-directional signal transmission on a single fiber. The operating wavelength shall be centered on 850 nanometers in one direction and centered on 1330 nanometers in the other direction. Crosstalk attenuation between channels shall be 40 dB or greater. FO transceivers shall be selected to match or exceed the highest data rate of attached input devices. The FO transceiver shall be mechanically and optically compatible with the remainder of the FO system. 2.6 TRANSCEIVERS FOR LAN APPLICATIONS ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Designer will use the transceivers for IDS or UMCS systems which use a LAN topology for communication. ************************************************************************** * Transceivers for FO LAN applications shall be active units, compatible with the LAN cards, modems and repeaters used in the system. Indicators provided shall be for power, collision detection, receive, transmit, and status. Power for transceivers shall be derived from the AUI port of LAN equipment or from a dedicated power supply. Transceiver loss characteristics shall be less than 1.0 db. Connectors shall be low loss and compatible with LAN equipment. Circuitry shall be included so when a device is disconnected, other devices on the LAN continue to operate without any disruption. 2.7 FO SWITCHES ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Designer will show FO switches and designate latching or nonlatching on contract drawings. ************************************************************************** * FO switches shall be single pole, double throw. Switching speed shall be less than 15 milliseconds. Insertion loss shall be less than 1.5 dB. Crosstalk attenuation between FO outputs shall be 40 dB or greater. FO switches shall be latching or nonlatching as shown. 2.8 FO ACTIVE STAR UNIT FO active star units shall provide full-duplex communications in a multi-point configuration. Each unit shall have one input port module and up to four output port modules. FO active star units shall be mechanically and optically compatible with the remainder of the FO system. The star unit shall allow a mixed configuration of port module operating wavelengths and single-mode or multimode FO cables. Each port module shall have a separate FO cable input and output. Port modules shall be connected using an electronic data bus. Port module FO transmitters shall regenerate the optical signal at the transmission rate specified. Port modules shall be rack-mounted in a 483 millimeters 19 inch rack complying with EIA 310-D. The total propagation delay through the star unit shall be less than 100 nanoseconds. 2.9 FIBER OPTIC DROP REPEATERS (FODR) FODRs shall combine the features specified for Fiber Optical Digital Repeaters and Local Area Network (LAN) transceivers. FODRs shall regenerate the optical signal at the transmission rate specified. The FODRs shall be mechanically and optically compatible with the remainder of the Fiber Optic system. FODRs shall restore the optical signals amplitude, timing and waveform. The FODR shall provide an electrical interface to the transmission media. The electrical interface shall be identical to all other network interfaces as specified. 2.10 FO EIA 485 DATA TRANSMISSION CONVERTER Data transmission converters shall be used to connect equipment using EIA 485 data transmission when necessary and as shown. Converters shall operate full duplex and support two wire circuits at speeds up to 2 megabytes per second and have a built in 120 Ohm terminating resistor. Converters shall be mechanically, electrically, and optically compatible with the system. 2.11 ENCLOSURES ************************************************************************** * NOTE: If all FO devices will be located in enclosures of other systems, then paragraph ENCLOSURES can be deleted. Otherwise, paragraph ENCLOSURES must remain and enclosure locations must be shown on the drawings. ************************************************************************** * Enclosures shall conform to the requirements of NEMA 250 for the types specified. Finish color shall be the manufacturer's standard, unless otherwise indicated. Damaged surfaces shall be repaired and refinished using original type finish. 2.11.1 Interior Enclosures installed indoors shall meet the requirements of Type 12 or as shown. 2.11.2 Exterior ************************************************************************** * NOTE: For exterior applications where corrosive environments exist, Type 4X will be specified. Type 4X metallic enclosures should be used for security applications where physical hardening is required. ************************************************************************** * Enclosures installed outdoors shall meet the requirements [of Type 4] [of Type 4X metallic] [of Type 4X non-metallic] [as shown]. 2.12 TAMPER AND PHYSICAL PROTECTION PROVISIONS ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Tamper and physical protection provisions are only required for FO system applications involving security systems such as IDS, EECS or CCTV. This requirement should be deleted for all other applications. Generally, security screws are preferred over tack welding or brazing because the enclosure surface protection is not damaged. ************************************************************************** * Enclosures and fittings of every description having hinged doors or removable covers, and which contain any part of the FO circuits or power supplies, shall be provided with cover-operated, corrosion-resistant tamper switches, arranged to initiate an alarm signal when the door or cover is moved. Tamper switches shall be mechanically mounted to maximize the defeat time when enclosure covers are opened or removed. The enclosure and the tamper switch shall function together to not allow direct line of sight to any internal components and tampering with the switch or the circuits before the switch activates. Tamper switches shall be inaccessible until the switch is activated; have mounting hardware concealed so that the location of the switch cannot be observed from the exterior of the enclosure; be connected to circuits which are under electrical supervision at all times, irrespective of the protection mode in which the circuit is operating; shall be spring-loaded and held in the closed position by the door cover; and shall be wired so that they break the circuit when the door or cover is disturbed. Tamper switches on the doors which must be opened to make routine maintenance adjustments to the system and to service the power supplies shall be push/pull-set, automatic reset type. Covers of pull and junction boxes provided to facilitate installation of the system need not be provided with tamper switches if they contain no splices or connections, but shall be protected by [security screws] [tack welding or brazing] to hold the covers in place. Zinc labels shall be affixed to such boxes indicating they contain no connections. These labels shall not indicate that the box is part of a security system. Any damage to the enclosure or its cover's surface protection shall be cleaned and repaired using the same type of surface protection as the original enclosure. 2.13 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 2.13.1 Signal Transmission Format Code ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Different FO systems may use different modulation methods and codes. For example, the digital signal may turn the light source on or off, it may use frequency shift keying, or it may cause the intensity to shift between two preset levels. Likewise, the code can be the simple NRZ (nonreturn to zero), or it can be the more complex and efficient RZ (return to zero) code, such as the Manchester code. The modulation method can be important to bandwidth limited systems since some methods required twice the bandwidth of other methods for transmitting the same data. ************************************************************************** *FO equipment shall use the same transmission code format from the beginning of a circuit to the end of that circuit. Different transmission code formats may be used for different circuits as required to interconnect supported equipment. 2.13.2 Flux Budget/Gain Margin ************************************************************************** * NOTE: The flux budget calculations for each FO link are used to determine if the gain margin designed into the link is large enough to allow for splicing of broken fibers and aging effects. The flux budget is the power difference between the transmitter output power and the receiver input power for a given bit error rate. This power is usually measured in dBm (i.e. referenced to 1 milliwatt) and is an absolute measurement. LED transmitter output power is typically between -10 and -18 dBm. PIN receivers with pre-amplifiers have a power input typically between -24 and -37 dBm. Using the flux budget, the link designer can determine the total losses the system can have and still work properly. The flux budget is divided into components. The components are the real losses in the system and the gain margin. The real losses consist of all the system losses such as cable attenuation, coupling and splicing losses. The gain margin is a reserve for future losses, such as aging and future splices. System losses and the gain margin are usually measured in dB and are a relative measurement. The receiver dynamic range is the range of input power that can be successfully detected by the receiver (also referred to as the maximum and minimum optical input power). The variables that can influence the flux budget include changing the transmitter power output, the receiver sensitivity, the imposed signal wavelength and system losses. Allow 3 dB for aging and 3 dB for each cable repair for a total margin of not less than 6 dB. ************************************************************************** * FO links shall have a minimum gain margin of 6 dB. The flux budget is the difference between the transmitter output power and the receiver input power required for signal discrimination when both are expressed in dBm. The flux budget shall be equal to the sum of losses (such as insertion losses, connector and splice losses, and transmission losses) plus the gain margin. When a repeater or other signal regenerating device is inserted to extend the length of an FO circuit, both the circuit between the transmitter and the repeater-receiver, and the circuit between the repeater-transmitter and the receiver are considered independent FO links for gain margin calculations. 2.13.3 Receiver Dynamic Range The dynamic range of receivers shall be large enough to accommodate both the worst-case, minimum receiver flux density and the maximum possible, receiver flux density. The receiver dynamic range shall be at least 15 dB. Where required, optical attenuators shall be used to force the FO link power to fall within the receiver dynamic range. 2.14 OPTICAL FIBERS ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Generally, FO systems use two fibers for each full duplex FO link so data flows only in one direction in each fiber. In some cases, such as sending sync and receiving video from long distances, bi-directional transmission on one fiber is desired. ************************************************************************** * 2.14.1 General Optical fibers shall be coated with a suitable material to preserve the intrinsic strength of the glass. The outside diameter of the glass-cladded fiber shall be nominally 125 microns, and shall be concentric with the fiber core. Optical fibers shall meet EIA 455-46A, EIA 455-65, and EIA 455-177A. 2.14.2 50 Micron Multimode Fibers Conductors shall be multimode, graded index, solid glass waveguides with a nominal core diameter of 50 microns. The fiber shall have transmission windows centered at 850 and 1330 nanometer wavelengths. The numerical aperture for each fiber shall be a minimum of 0.20. The attenuation at 850 nanometers shall be 4.0 dB/Km or less. The attenuation at 1330 nanometers shall be 2.0 dB/Km or less. The minimum bandwidth shall be 400 MHz-Km at both transmission windows. The fibers shall be certified to meet EIA 455-30B and EIA 455-58A. 2.14.3 62.5 Micron Multimode Fibers Conductors shall be multimode, graded index, solid glass waveguides with a nominal core diameter of 62.5 microns. The fiber shall have transmission windows centered at 850 and 1330 nanometer wavelengths. The numerical aperture for each fiber shall be a minimum of 0.275. The attenuation at 850 nanometers shall be 4.0 dB/Km or less. The attenuation at 1330 nanometers shall be 1.5 dB/Km or less. The minimum bandwidth shall be 160 MHz-Km at 850 nanometers and 400 MHz-Km at 1300 nanometers. FO cable shall be certified to meet EIA 455-30B and EIA 455-58A. 2.14.4 8.3 Micron Single Mode Fibers ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Select the transmission wavelength depending upon the distance of the single-mode transmission. In general, the longer wavelength yields slightly lower losses per kilometer. ************************************************************************** * Conductors shall be single-mode, graded index, solid glass waveguides with a nominal core diameter of 8.3 microns. The fiber shall have a transmission window centered at [1330] [1550] nanometer wavelength. The numerical aperture for each optical fiber shall be a minimum of 0.10. The attenuation at 1330 nanometers shall be 0.5 dB/Km or less. The fibers shall be certified to meet EIA 455-170. 2.15 CABLE CONSTRUCTION ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Either tight tube or loose tube cable construction can be used. The loose tube construction is more appropriate where the cable is subject to thermal expansion. This would include outdoor aerial and long distance runs over 1 Km (0.62 mile). In multistory buildings or locations where the cable is installed vertically and will not experience significant temperature variations, use tight-tube cables. ************************************************************************** * 2.15.1 General The cable shall contain a minimum of two fiber optic conductors for each full duplex circuit. The number of fibers in each cable shall be [_____] [as shown]. Each fiber shall be protected by a protective tube. Cables shall have a jacketed strength member, and an exterior jacket. Cable and fiber protective covering shall be free from holes, splits, blisters, and other imperfections. The covering shall be flame retardant, moisture resistant, non-nutrient to fungus, ultraviolet light resistant as specified and nontoxic. Mechanical stress present in cable shall not be transmitted to the optical fibers. Strength members shall be non-metallic and shall be an integral part of the cable construction. The combined strength of all the strength members shall be sufficient to support the stress of installation and to protect the cable in service. The exterior cables shall have a minimum storage temperature range of minus 20 to plus 75 degrees C. minus 40 to plus 167 degrees F. Interior cables shall have a minimum storage temperature of minus 10 to plus 75 degrees C. plus 14 to plus 167 degrees F. All cables furnished shall meet the requirement of NFPA 70. Fire resistant characteristics of cables shall conform to Article 770, Sections 49, 50, and 51. A flooding compound shall be applied into the interior of the fiber tubes, into the interstitial spaces between the tubes, to the core covering, and between the core covering and jacket of all cable to be installed aerially, underground, and in locations susceptible to moisture. Flooded cables shall comply with EIA 455-81A and EIA 455-82B. Cables shall be from the same manufacturer, of the same cable type, and of the same size. Each fiber and protective coverings shall be continuous with no factory splices. Fiber optic cable assemblies, including jacketing and fibers, shall be certified by the manufacturer to have a minimum life of 30 years. Plenum cable shall meet UL 910, and riser cable shall meet UL 1666. FO cable shall be certified to meet the following: EIA 455-13, EIA 455-25A, EIA 455-41, EIA 455-47B, EIA 455-59, EIA 455-61, EIA 455-88, EIA 455-91, EIA 455-104A, and EIA 455-171. 2.15.2 Exterior Cable 2.15.2.1 Aerial Cable The optical fibers shall be surrounded by a tube buffer, shall be contained in a channel or otherwise loosely packaged to provide clearance between the fibers and inside of the container, and shall be extruded from a material having a coefficient of friction sufficiently low to allow the fiber free movement. a. The cable outer jacket shall be medium density polyethylene material containing at least 2.6 percent carbon black with only black pigment added for additional coloring. b. Tensile strength: Cables shall withstand an installation tensile load of not less than 2700 Newtons 608 pounds and not less than 600 Newtons 135 pounds continuous tensile load. c. Impact and Crush resistance: The cables shall withstand an impact of 3 Newton-meters 1.7lbs/in as a minimum, and shall have a crush resistance of 220 Newtons per square centimeter 317 pounds per square inch as a minimum. 2.15.2.2 Duct Cable The optical fibers shall be surrounded by a tube buffer, shall be contained in a channel or otherwise loosely packaged to provide clearance between the fibers and inside of the container, and shall be extruded from a material having a coefficient of friction sufficiently low to allow the fiber free movement. a. The cable outer jacket shall be medium density polyethylene material with orange pigment added for ease of identification. b. Tensile strength: Cables shall withstand an installation tensile load of not less than 2700 Newtons 608 pounds and not less than 600 Newtons 135 pounds continuous tensile load. c. Impact and Crush resistance: The cables shall withstand an impact of 3 Newton-meters 1.7lbs/in as a minimum, and shall have a crush resistance of 220 Newtons per square centimeter 317 pounds per square inch as a minimum. 2.15.2.3 Direct Burial Cable The optical fibers shall be surrounded by a tube buffer, shall be contained in a channel or otherwise loosely packaged to provide clearance between the fibers and inside of the container, and shall be extruded from a material having a coefficient of friction sufficiently low to allow the fiber free movement. a. The cable outer jacket shall be medium density polyethylene material containing at least 2.6 percent carbon black with only black pigment added for additional coloring. b. Tensile strength: Cables shall withstand an installation tensile load of not less than 2700 Newtons 608 pounds and not less than 600 Newtons 135 pounds continuous tensile load. c. Impact and Crush resistance: The cables shall withstand an impact of 3 Newton-meters 1.7lbs/in as a minimum, and shall have a crush resistance of 220 Newtons per square centimeter 317 pounds per square inch as a minimum. d. Direct burial cable shall be protected with plastic coated steel armor. The plastic coated steel armor shall be applied longitudinally directly over an inner jacket and have an overlap of 5 millimeters 0.20 inch minimum. 2.15.3 Interior Cable a. Loose buffer tube cable construction shall be such that the optical fibers shall be surrounded by a tube buffer, shall be contained in a channel or otherwise loosely packaged to provide clearance between the fibers and the inside of the container to allow for thermal expansions without constraining the fiber. The protective container shall be extruded from a material having a coefficient of friction sufficiently low to allow the fiber free movement. The cable outer jacket shall be flame retardant polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or fluorocopolymer (FCP), which complies with NFPA 70 for OFNP applications. (1) Tensile strength: Cables of 12 fibers or less shall withstand an installation tensile load of not less than 1,100 Newtons 250 pounds and not less than 89 Newtons 20 pounds continuous tensile load. Cables with more than 12 fibers shall withstand an installation load of not less than 530 Newtons 20 pounds and a long term tensile load of not less than 53 Newtons. 12 pounds. (2) Impact and Crush resistance: The cables shall withstand an impact of 4.89 Newton-meters 1.1 ft lbs as minimum, and shall have a crush resistance of 700 Newtons per square centimeter 400 lbs/in. as a minimum. b. Tight buffer tube cable construction shall be extrusion of plastic over each cladded fiber, with an outer jacket of flame retardant PVC or FCP, which complies with NFPA 70 for OFNR requirements for riser cables and vertical shaft installations. Optical fibers shall be covered in near contact with an extrusion tube and shall have an intermediate soft buffer to allow for the thermal expansions and minor pressures. (1) Tensile Strength: Cables of 12 fibers or less shall withstand an insulation tensile load of not less than 845 Newtons 190 pounds and not less than 222 Newtons 50 pounds continuous tensile load. Cables with more than 12 fibers shall withstand an installation load of not less than 667 Newtons 150 pounds and a long term tensile load of not less than 133 Newtons. 30 pounds. (2) Impact and Crush resistance: The cables shall withstand an impact of 1.8 Newton-meters 1.4 ft-lbs as a minimum, and shall have a crush resistance of 140 Newtons per square centimeter 80 lbs/in. as a minimum. c. Plenum Rated Cables: Cable to be installed inside plenums shall additionally meet the requirements of UL 910. 2.15.4 Pigtail Cables Cable used for connections to equipment shall be flexible fiber pigtail cables having the same physical and operational characteristics as the parent cable. The cable jacket shall be flame retardant PVC or FCP, which complies with NFPA 70 for OFNP applications. Maximum dB loss for pigtail cable shall be 3.5 dB/km at 850 nanometers, and 1.0 dB/km at 1330 nanometers. 2.16 FO CONNECTORS FO connectors shall be the straight tip, bayonet style, field installable, self-aligning and centering. FO connectors shall match the fiber core and cladding diameters. The connector coupler shall be stainless steel and the alignment ferrule shall be ceramic. FO equipment and cable shall use the same type connectors. Connector insertion loss shall be nominally 0.3 dB and less than 0.7 dB. 2.17 MECHANICAL SPLICES Mechanical splices shall be suitable for installation in the field. External power sources shall not be required to complete a splice. Splices shall be self-aligning for optimum signal coupling. Mechanical splices shall not be used for exterior applications where they may be buried underground or laced to aerial messenger cables. Mechanical splices may be used for interior locations and within enclosures. Splice closures shall protect the spliced fibers from moisture and shall prevent physical damage. The splice closure shall provide strain relief for the cable and the fibers at the splice points. 2.18 CONDUIT, FITTINGS AND ENCLOSURES Conduit shall be as specified in Section 16415 ELECTRICAL WORK, INTERIOR, and Section 16375 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, UNDERGROUND, and as shown. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 INSTALLATION System components and appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and as shown. Interconnections, services, and adjustments required for a complete and operable data transmission system shall be provided. 3.1.1 Interior Work Conduits, tubing and cable trays for interior FO cable interior shall be installed as specified in Section 16415 ELECTRICAL WORK, INTERIOR and as shown. Cable installation and applications shall meet the requirements of NFPA 70, Article 770, Sections 52 and 53. Cables not installed in conduits or wireways shall be properly secured and neat in appearance, and if installed in plenums or other spaces used for environmental air, shall comply with NFPA 70 requirements for this type of installation. 3.1.2 Aerial Cable ************************************************************************** * NOTE: Aerial cable should be installed on existing poles. Where this is not possible, requirements for new poles must be shown on drawings. The designer will verify local electrical installation requirements to determine if new grounding conductors and electrodes are required at each messenger cable ground connection. Common lashing machines provide 1 turn per 400 linear millimeters (1 turn per 14 linear inches) in a single pass, which is acceptable for locations where loading due to weather conditions is moderate. Other locations may require multiple passes with the lashing machine. ************************************************************************** * Except as otherwise specified, poles and associated aerial hardware for an overhead FO cable system shall be installed as specified in Section 16370 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, AERIAL and as shown. a. A messenger cable system to support aerial cables shall be furnished. The messenger system shall be capable of withstanding a minimum of 20,016 Newtons 4500 pounds of tension, including appurtenances, guys, and hardware. Messenger cables shall be galvanized zinc coated steel or aluminum clad steel. b. The messenger cables shall be grounded at dead ends, at the entrance to each facility, and at intervals not exceeding 305 meters. 1000 feet. [New grounding conductors and electrodes shall be provided at each ground connection.] [Where grounding connections are made in the vicinity of existing grounding conductors and electrodes, the grounding connection may be made by a bolted or welded connection to the existing grounding conductor.] c. Aerial FO cables shall meet the horizontal, vertical and climbing space clearances prescribed in ANSI C2 and those of the installation. d. Transitions from aerial cable to underground cable shall be as specified for CONNECTIONS BETWEEN AERIAL AND UNDERGROUND SYSTEMS in Section 16370 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, AERIAL. e. Splices in aerial cable shall be within 1 meter 3 feet of a pole and placed inside a watertight enclosure. Drip loops shall be formed at the cable entrance to the enclosure. Lashing clamps shall be placed within 300 millimeters 12 inches of the enclosure. f. Loops shall be formed in the aerial cables at points of connection and at poles to prevent damage from thermal stress and wind loading. The communications cable shall be protected from chafing and physical damage with the use of spiral cut tubing and PVC tape, or plastic sleeves. The ground clearance of installed cabling shall be as shown. g. Cable shall be run vertically and when possible shall use gravity to assist in cable pulling. Cable shall be pulled from top of run to bottom of run. Cable shall be hand pull if possible. If machine assistance is required, tension shall be monitored using dynamometers or load-cell instruments and shall not exceed specified cable tension limits. After installation, the vertical tension on the cable shall be relieved at maximum intervals of 30 meters 100 feet using a split support grip. h. Lashing wire shall be wound tightly around both the communication cable and the messenger cable by machine methods. The lashing wire shall have a minimum of 1 turn per 355 linear millimeters 1 turn per 14 linear inches and not less than the number of turns per unit length that is recommended by the cable manufacturer for the distance between cable support points and the combined ice and wind loading and extreme wind loading shown or normally encountered loading for the installed location. Lashing clamps shall be placed at all poles and splices. ************************************************************************** * NOTE: The designer will include the data listing the loading conditions, including radial thickness of ice, horizontal wind pressure, and temperature, for both combined ice wind loading and extreme wind loading encountered at the project site. ************************************************************************** * i. The ice and wind loading conditions to be encountered at this installation are as follows: a. combined ice and wind loading: (1) radical thickness of ice [_____] (2) horizontal wind pressure [_____] (3) temperature [_____] b. extreme wind loading: (1) radical thickness of ice [_____] (2) horizontal wind pressure [_____] (3) temperature [_____] 3.1.3 Exterior Underground Cable ************************************************************************** * NOTE: For UMCS/EMCS or IDS projects, the designer will provide transition details in the drawings based on the details shown in UMCS/EMCS or IDS Typical Drawings and/or Standards installation Details. ************************************************************************** * Except as otherwise specified, conduits, ducts, and manholes for underground FO cable systems shall be installed as specified in Section 16375 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, UNDERGROUND and as shown. a. Minimum burial depth for cable shall be 750 millimeters, 30 inches, but not less than the depth of the frost line. Burial depth specified shall take precedence over any requirements specified elsewhere. b. Where direct burial cable will pass under sidewalks, roads, or other paved areas and no existing conduits or duct banks are available, the cable shall be placed in a 25.4 millimeter 1 inch rigid coated galvanized steel conduit or larger as required to limit conduit fill to 80 percent or less. Conduit may be installed by jacking or trenching, as approved. c. Buried cables shall be placed below a plastic warning tape buried in the same trench or slot. The tape shall be 300 millimeters 12 inches above the cable. The warning tape shall be continuously imprinted with the words "WARNING - COMMUNICATIONS CABLE BELOW" at not more than 1300 millimeters 48 inch intervals. The plastic tape shall be acid and alkali resistant polyethylene film, 76.2 millimeters 3 inches wide with a minimum thickness of 0.1 millimeter. 0.004 inch. Tape shall have a minimum strength of 12066 kilo Pascals 1750 pounds per square inch lengthwise and 10342 kilo Pascals 1500 pounds per square inch crosswise. d. Transitions from underground cable to aerial cable shall be as specified for CONNECTIONS BETWEEN AERIAL AND UNDERGROUND SYSTEMS in Section 16375 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, UNDERGROUND and as shown. e. For cables installed in ducts and conduit, a cable lubricant compatible with the cable sheathing material shall be used on all cables pulled. Pulling fixtures shall be attached to the cable strength members.